November 16: Promoting awareness and understanding on Anorexia Awareness Day

International Anorexia Day, sometimes called “No Diet Day”, is observed annually on November 16 to raise awareness of this dangerous eating disorder, which has become extremely common, Kazinform News Agency reports.

An extreme fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and an obsession with losing weight are the hallmarks of anorexia nervosa. If left untreated, it can lead to serious physical and psychological consequences, including death.

First documented in the 17th century by English physician Richard Morton, anorexia was once rare. However, rapidly changing beauty standards and social pressures in the 20th century contributed to its rise, especially among young women. The media’s emphasis on weight loss, diet culture, and the glamorization of very thin models have all contributed to the spread of the disorder.

Anorexia often begins with an intense focus on exercise or dieting but can progress to extreme starvation and denial of medical problems. Excessive weight loss, sleep disturbances, melancholy, and guilt after eating are typical symptoms. Low self-esteem is a common trait among those who suffer from this condition, which has its roots in a complex combination of biological, social, and psychological variables.

World statistics show that countries such as India, China, the United States, Indonesia, and Pakistan have the highest rates of eating disorders, including anorexia. For example, in 2017, India and China recorded rates of 33.99 and 35.17 cases per 100,000, respectively, while the United States recorded a surprisingly high rate of 103.54 cases. High rates were also documented in Brazil and Mexico, with 48.18 and 47.08 cases per 100,000 in 2017, respectively.

While some countries, such as the United States, have consistently high rates, others, such as Brazil and Nigeria, have seen steady or slightly decreasing trends over time. Kazakhstan recorded 37.52 incidents per 100,000 people in 1990, but by 2010, this had increased to 42.47. By 2017, the rate had dropped to 41.84, but is still much higher than in previous years.

Experts stress the importance of understanding eating disorders to increase awareness and empathy, combating distortions and stereotypes in the media. Increased awareness can lead to early diagnosis, prevention, and help for those experiencing difficulties.