Ukraine parliament names speaker Turchynov interim president
Parliament also voted to seize Mr Yanukovych's luxury estate near Kiev, which protesters entered on Saturday.
The whereabouts of Mr Yanukovych, who described parliament's decision to vote him out as a coup, remain unclear.
Thousands of protesters remain in Independence Square where the atmosphere is described as calm.
One day after a string of events that would have been sufficient for a year's worth of activity in most countries, Ukrainians have awoken today to two fundamental questions: Who is in charge of the country? And what next?
Technically speaking, President Viktor Yanukovych has been deposed, after the country's parliament voted to dismiss him by a legally-binding constitutional majority, BBC News reports.
Oleksandr Turchynov of the Fatherland Party, and a close ally of the recently-freed Yulia Tymoshenko, is in charge.
But Mr Yanukovych claims he is still president. The next days will show whether he can mobilise enough followers in the country's east and south to mount a challenge.
However, Ukraine's new government may also have a short time to win public support. Many on Independence Square are sceptical of Ukraine's entire political class, Ms Tymoshenko included, and may start searching soon for an entirely new set of leaders.
Late on Saturday, former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, freed from detention in the eastern city of Kharkiv after a vote in parliament, urged opposition supporters in Independence Square to continue protesting.
Her release was one of the conditions of the EU-Ukraine trade pact that President Yanukovych rejected last year - triggering the protests that led to the current crisis.
The health ministry says 88 people, mostly protesters, are now known to have been killed since 18 February.
Mr Turchynov, a close associate of freed former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, described forming a unity government as a "priority task".
"We don't have much time," one of the opposition leaders, Vitaly Klitschko, said as parliament began its debate.
Speaking to the BBC, he also suggested a bid for the presidency in elections scheduled for 25 May.
"I want to make Ukraine a modern European country," he said. "If I can do that through the president's position, I will do my best."
In another move, parliament voted to dismiss Foreign Minister Leonid Kozhara, an ally of Mr Yanukovych
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